2023 Instructions for Form FTB 5805 (2024)

General Information

Estimated Tax Payments – Taxpayers are required to pay 30 percent of the required annual payment for the first required installment, 40 percent of the required annual payment for the second required installment, no installment is due for the third required installment, and 30 percent of the required annual payment for the fourth required installment. For more information, get the instructions for Form 540-ES, Estimated Tax for Individuals, or Form 541-ES, Estimated Tax for Fiduciaries.

You must make estimated tax payments if you expect to owe at least $500 ($250 if married/registered domestic partner (RDP) filing separately) in tax for 2023. If in the prior year your tax liability, less any credits for the prior year, was less than $500 ($250 for married/RDP filing separately) you are not subject to the underpayment of estimated tax penalty.

Taxpayers with California adjusted gross income (AGI) equal to or greater than $1,000,000 (or $500,000 if married/RDP filing separately) must use the tax on their 2023 tax return to figure their penalty if they are subject to the underpayment of estimated tax penalty.

The California Mental Health Services Act, imposes an additional 1 percent tax on taxable income over $1,000,000 and is included in the calculation of the estimated tax.

Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is included in the calculation of estimated tax.

The underpayment of estimated tax penalty shall not apply to the extent the underpayment of an installment was created or increased by any provision of law that is chaptered during and operative for the taxable year of the underpayment. To request a waiver of underpayment of estimated penalty, follow the directions under General Information C.

A. Purpose

Use form FTB 5805, Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Individuals and Fiduciaries, to see if you owe a penalty for underpaying your estimated tax and, if you do, to figure the amount of the penalty.

B. Who Must File

Generally, you do not have to complete this form. If you owe a penalty, the Franchise Tax Board (FTB) figures the penalty for you and sends you a bill after you have filed your tax return. You must pay the penalty within 15 days of the billing to avoid additional interest charges.

Important: If you answer "Yes" to any of the questions in Part I (estates and trusts, see General Information E), complete this form and attach it to the back of your tax return.

C. Waiver of the Penalty

You may request a waiver of the penalty if either one of the following apply:

You underpaid an estimated tax installment due to a casualty, disaster, or other unusual circ*mstance and it would be against equity and good conscience to impose the penalty.
You retired after age 62 or became disabled in 2022 or 2023 and your underpayment was due to reasonable cause.

To request a waiver do all of the following:

Check "Yes" on form FTB 5805, Part I, Question 1, and in the space provided, explain why you are requesting a waiver of the estimated penalty. If you need additional space, attach a statement. Be sure to include your name and tax ID number to any statement you attach.
Complete form FTB 5805 through Part II, line 12 (Worksheet II, Regular Method to Figure Your Underpayment and Penalty, line 13 if you use the regular method) without regard to the waiver. Write the amount you want waived in parentheses on the dotted line next to Part II, line 13 (Worksheet II, line 14 if you use the regular method). Subtract this amount from the total penalty you figured without regard to the waiver, and enter the result on Part II, line 13 (Worksheet II, line 14 if you use the regular method).
Check the box on Form 540, California Resident Income Tax Return, line 113; Form 540NR, California Nonresident or Part-Year Resident Income Tax Return, line 123; or Form 541 California Fiduciary Income Tax Return, line 44.
Attach form FTB 5805 to the back of your tax return.

D. Annualized Income Installment Method

If your income varied during the year and you use the annualized income installment method to determine your estimate payment requirements, you must complete form FTB 5805, including Side 3 and Side 4. Attach it to the back of your tax return. Also, check the box on Form 540, line 113; Form 540NR, line 123; or Form 541, line 44 for the underpayment of estimated tax.

E. Estates and Trusts

Estates and grantor trusts, which receive the residue of the decedent's estate, are required to make estimated income tax payments for any year ending two or more years after the date of the decedent's death. If you answer "Yes" to Part I, Question 4, complete Part I only and attach form FTB 5805 to the back of your tax return.

Exempt trusts should use form FTB 5806, Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Corporations.

F. Nonresidents and New Residents

The penalty for the underpayment of estimated tax applies to nonresidents and new residents. See the conditions listed in the box labeled "Important" on Side 1 of form FTB 5805.

In 2001, California changed the method used to calculate loss carryovers, deferred deductions, and deferred income for nonresident and part-year resident taxpayers. This law changed the tax computation to recognize those items, and established a new method of determining percentages for computing tax for all nonresidents and part-year residents. California changed the nonresident tax form (Form 540NR) to more clearly show that nonresidents are taxed by California only on their California taxable income. For more information, get FTB Pub. 1100, Taxation of Nonresidents and Individuals Who Change Residency.

California law is compatible with the federal Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (Public Law 108‑189). This means that servicemembers domiciled outside of California, and their spouses/RDPs, may exclude the servicemember's military pay from gross income when computing the tax rate on nonmilitary income.

For more information, see California Revenue and Taxation Code (R&TC) Section 17140.5 and get FTB Pub. 1032, Tax Information for Military Personnel.

G. Farmers and Fishermen

You are considered a farmer or fisherman if at least two-thirds (2/3) of your annual gross income for 2022 or 2023 is from farming or fishing. Farmers and fishermen are required to make one estimate payment. For calendar year taxpayers, the due date is January 15, 2024. If you file Form 540, Form 540NR, or Form 541 and pay the entire tax due by March 1, 2024, you do not owe a penalty for underpaying estimated tax. Use form FTB 5805F, Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Farmers and Fishermen.

H. Due Dates for Estimated Tax Installments

If you are a calendar year taxpayer, the estimated tax installment due dates for 2023 were:

First payment – April 15, 2023
Second payment – June 15, 2023
Third payment – September 15, 2023
Fourth payment – January 15, 2024

Fiscal year filers must pay estimated tax installments on the 15th day of the 4th, 6th, and 9th months of their fiscal year, and the 1st month of the following fiscal year.

The penalty is figured separately for each due date. Therefore, you may owe a penalty for an earlier installment due date, even if you pay enough tax later to make up the underpayment.

I. Filing an Early Return in Place of the 4th Installment

If you file your 2023 tax return before February 1, 2024, and pay the entire balance due, you do not have to make your last estimate payment. Fiscal year filers must file their tax return and pay their tax before the first day of the 2nd month after the end of their taxable year.

J. Amended Tax Return

If you file an amended tax return:

On or before the due date of your original return, use the tax, credit, and other amounts shown on your amended tax return to figure your penalty for underpayment of estimated tax.
After the due date of the original tax return, you must use the amounts shown on the original tax return to figure the penalty.

K. Penalty Rates

The rates used to determine the amount of your penalty are established at various dates throughout the year. If an installment of estimated tax for any quarter remained unpaid or underpaid for more than one rate period, the penalty for that underpayment will be figured using more than one rate when applicable.

The following rates apply to the 2023 computation period:

5% 4-15-23 through 6-30-23
7% 7-1-23 through 4-15-24

Fiscal year filers: The rates for the periods July 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 and January 1, 2025 through June 30, 2025 will be determined by the FTB in March 2024 and September 2024, respectively.

Call the FTB's automated phone service to get updated penalty rates. Call the number below, and follow the recorded instructions. Enter code number 403 when instructed.

The automated phone service is available in English and Spanish to callers with touch-tone telephones 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Telephone: 800-852-5711 from within the United States; 916-845-6500 from outside the United States
California Relay Service: 711 or 800-735-2929 for persons with hearing or speaking limitations

Specific Line Instructions

Part II – Computing the Required Annual Payment

Use this part to figure the amount of estimated tax that you were required to pay.

Certain high-income taxpayers are required to use 110 percent (instead of 100 percent) of the tax shown on their previous year's return in the computation of the required annual payments. See the instructions for line 5.

Line 1 – Enter your 2023 tax liability from the following (excluding tax on lump-sum distributions and accumulation distribution of trusts):

Form 540, add line 48, line 61, line 62, and any Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 453A interest from line 63, less the amount on line 74.
Form 540NR, add line 63, line 71, line 72, and any IRC Section 453A interest from line 73, less the amount on line 84.
Form 541, line 28.

Line 3 – Enter the 2023 amounts from the following:

Form 540, line 71 and line 73.
Form 540NR, line 81 and line 83.
Form 541, line 29 and line 31.

Line 5 – Enter your 2022 tax liability from the following (excluding tax on lump-sum distributions and accumulation distribution of trusts):

Form 540, add line 48, line 61, line 62, and any IRC Section 453A interest from line 63, less the amount on line 74.
Form 540NR, add line 63, line 71, line 72, and any IRC Section 453A interest from line 73, less the amount on line 84.
Form 541, line 28.

If the California adjusted gross income (AGI) shown on your 2022 California tax return is more than $150,000, or more than $75,000 if married/RDP filing a separate tax return, then enter 110 percent (1.10) of the tax liability from your 2022 tax return on line 5.

If the California AGI on your 2023 tax return is equal to or greater than $1,000,000/$500,000 if married/RDP filing separately, enter 90 percent (.90) of the tax liability from your 2023 tax return on line 5.

If you did not file a tax return for 2022, or if your 2022 taxable year was less than 12 months, do not complete line 5. Instead, enter the amount from line 2 on line 6. If your California AGI is equal to or greater than $1,000,000/$500,000 for married/RDP filing separately, use line 2.

Short Method

You may use the short method only if you are a calendar year taxpayer and either one of the following apply:

You made no estimated tax payments or your only payments were California income tax withheld.
You paid estimated tax on the required due dates.

If any payment was made earlier than the due date, you may use the short method, but using it may cause you to pay a larger penalty than using the regular method. If the payment was only a few days early, the difference is likely to be small.

You may not use the short method if either of the following apply:

You made any estimated tax payment late.
You answered "Yes" to Part I, Question 3.

If you can use the short method, complete Part II, line 1 through line 10 to figure your total underpayment for the year, and line 11 through line 13 to figure the penalty.

Part III – Annualized Income Installment Method Schedule

If your income varied during the year, you may be able to lower or eliminate the amount of one or more required installments by using the annualized income installment method.

Use Part III to figure the required installment amount to enter on Worksheet II, line 1 below.

Federal Annualized Income Worksheet

Estates and trusts, do not use the period ending dates shown to the right. Instead, use the following: 2/28/23, 4/30/23, 7/31/23, and 11/30/23.

	(a) 1/1/23-3/31/23	(b) 1/1/23-5/31/23	(c) 1/1/23-8/31/23	(d) 1/1/23-12/31/23
1. Enter your federal adjusted gross income* for each period (see instructions for federal Form 2210, Schedule AI, Part I, line 1). (Estates and trusts, enter your taxable income without your exemption for each period.)
2. Annualization amounts. (Estates and trusts, see instructions for federal Form 2210, Schedule AI, Part I, line 2)	4	2.4	1.5	1
3. Annualized federal income. Multiply line 1 by line 2

*Note: If you are a military servicemember domiciled outside of California, subtract your military pay from your federal AGI.

Use the following worksheet to figure the amount to enter on Part III, line 6 for each period federal annualized income reaches the above amounts.

Enter the amount from Part III, line 4
Add the amounts on federal Schedule A (Form 1040), line 4, line 9, and line 15 plus any gambling losses included on line 16
Subtract line 2 from line 1
Enter the number from Part III, line 5
Multiply the amount on line 1 by line 4. If the amount on line 3 is zero, stop here and enter the amount from line 5 on Part III, line 6.
Multiply the amount on line 3 by the number on line 4
Multiply the amount on line 6 by 80 percent (.80)
Enter the amount from Federal Annualized Income Worksheet, line 3
Enter the amount shown from line 6 line instructions for your filing status
Subtract line 9 from line 8
Multiply the amount on line 10 by 6 percent (.06)
Enter the smaller of line 7 or line 11
Subtract line 12 from line 5. Enter the result here and on Part III, line 6

Line 7 – Enter the total standard deduction allowed for your filing status in each column even if you itemized your deductions.

Line 10 – Form 541 filers. Figure the tax on the amount in each column of line 9 using the tax rate schedule in your tax booklet. Also, include any tax from:

Form FTB 5870A, Tax on Accumulation Distribution of Trusts
IRC Section 453A tax

Line 11 – If your exemption credits were limited by AGI, it may be to your advantage to make a separate computation for each period. If you choose, you may complete the exemption credit worksheet in your tax booklet for each period.

If you filed Form 540NR, complete the AGI Limitation Worksheet found in your tax booklet and transfer the amount from line n to form FTB 5805, Part III, line 11.

Line 13 – Enter the special credits you are entitled to because of events that occurred during the months shown in the column headings.

Credit Limitation – If your special credits were limited by tentative minimum tax (TMT), it may be to your advantage to make a separate computation for each period. If you choose, you may complete a separate Schedule P (540, 540NR, or 541), Alternative Minimum Tax and Credit Limitations, for each period.

Line 14b – Figure the alternative minimum tax and mental health services tax you owe based on income earned during the periods shown in the column headings. For column (d), enter the amounts from your 2023 Form 540, line 61 and line 62; 2023 Form 540NR, line 71 and line 72; or 2023 Form 541, line 26 and line 27.

Form 540NR Instructions for Part III

Use these instructions only if you are filing Form 540NR.

If you are a nonresident military servicemember domiciled outside of California, subtract your military pay from your federal AGI.

Line 1 – Enter your total AGI for each period. Your total AGI is your AGI for the period from all sources.

Line 12 – Form 540NR filers. Complete Worksheet I, Prorated Tax for Form 540NR Filers, below.

California AGI is all of the income you earned while you were a California resident plus any income received from sources within California while you were a nonresident, less applicable income adjustments. For more information, get the instructions for Schedule CA (540NR), California Adjustments – Nonresidents or Part‑Year Residents.

Line 13 – Refigure Form 540NR, line 51 through line 62. Prorate the credits on line 51 through line 53 using the ratio from Worksheet I, line N.

Worksheet I Prorated Tax for Form 540NR Filers

	1/1/23 to 3/31/23	1/1/23 to 5/31/23	1/1/23 to 8/31/23	1/1/23 to 12/31/23
A. Tax on annualized total taxable income from Part III, line 10
B. Annualized total taxable income from Part III, line 9
C. Annualized California tax rate: Divide line A by line B
D. California AGI. Enter the amount from Schedule CA (540NR), Part IV, line 1 that is applicable for the period
E. Annualization amounts	4	2.4	1.5	1
F. Annualized California AGI. Multiply line D by line E
G. Annualized Total AGI. Enter the amount from Part III, line 3.
H. Annualized itemized or standard deduction rate. Divide line F by line G. Do not enter more than 1.0000
I. Enter the amount from Part III, line 8
J. Prorated standard deduction or annualized itemized deductions. Multiply line I by line H
K. Annualized California taxable income. Subtract line J from line F
L. Annualized California prorated tax before exemption credit. Multiply line K by line C
M. Exemption credits. Enter the amount from Part III, line 11
N. Annualized credit rate. Divide line K by line B
O. Annualized prorated exemption credits. Multiply line M by line N
P. Annualized California tax after exemption credits. Subtract line O from line L. Enter this amount here and on Part III, line 12

Instructions for Worksheet II – Regular Method to Figure Your Underpayment and Penalty

Part I – Figure Your Underpayment

Line 1 – Enter in column (a) through column (d) the amount of your required installment. For most taxpayers, this is the amount shown on form FTB 5805, Side 2, Part II, line 6 multiplied by 30 percent for column (a) and column (d), enter -0- in column (c), and 40 percent for column (b). If you use the annualized income installment method, enter the amounts from form FTB 5805, Side 4, Part III, line 23.

Line 2 – Enter the estimate payments made by the date at the top of each column.

Include in column (a) any overpayment of tax from your 2022 tax return that you elected to apply to the 2023 estimated tax.

Enter in column (a) and column (d) the result of the amount shown on form FTB 5805, Part ll, line 3 multiplied by 30 percent, enter -0- in column (c) and 40 percent for column (b).

For withheld California income tax, you are considered to have paid the required amounts on each payment due date unless you can show otherwise. If you can show that your California withholding was otherwise withheld, answer "Yes" to Part I, Question 3 and enter the uneven amounts withheld on the lines provided on Part I, Question 3.

If you file your tax return and pay the tax due before February 1, 2024, enter the amount of tax paid with your tax return in column (d). In this case, you will not owe a penalty for the estimate payment due by January 15, 2024.

Line 8 – If line 8 is zero for all payment periods, you do not owe a penalty. But if you answer "Yes" for any question on form FTB 5805, Side 1, Part I, you must file form FTB 5805 with your tax return.

Part II – Figure the Penalty

Figure the penalty by applying the appropriate rate against each underpayment shown on line 8. The penalty is figured for the number of days that the underpayment remained unpaid.

The rates are established at various times throughout the year. If an underpayment remained unpaid for more than one rate period, the penalty on that underpayment will be figured using more than one rate period.

Use line 10 and line 12 to figure the number of days the underpayment remained unpaid. Use line 11 and line 13 to figure the actual penalty amount by applying the rate against the underpayment for the number of days it remained unpaid.

Maximum days in a rate period per quarter:

Installment	Days in Rate
	Period 1	Period 2
1	76	290
2	15	290
3		213
4		91

Payment Application. Your payments are applied to any underpayment balance on an earlier installment. It does not matter if you designate a payment for a later period.

Example: You had an underpayment for the April 15th installment of $500. The June 15th installment required a payment of $1,200. On June 10th, you sent in a payment of $1,200 to cover the June 15th installment. However, $500 of this payment is considered to be for the April 15th installment. The penalty for the April 15th installment is figured to June 10th. The amount of the payment to be applied to the June 15th installment is $700.

Subsequent Payments. For purposes of computing the penalty, it may be helpful to make a list of any payments that you made after the timely payments entered in Part I, line 2. If you made no other payments, follow the line-by-line instructions for Part II.

If you made subsequent payments, you may need to make additional computations for the applicable column on the worksheet. However, if the payment reduced the underpayment to zero, there are no further computations to make for that column. In that case, you count the number of days from the installment due date to the date paid.

If a subsequent payment does not reduce the underpayment to zero, you will need to make an additional computation in the column.

First, count the number of days from the due date to the date paid and use the underpayment amount from Worksheet II, line 8.
Second, count the number of days from the payment date to the end of the rate period, and subtract the amount of the subsequent payment from the underpayment amount from Worksheet II, line 8.
Third, apply the rate for the applicable period.

Note: A year is 365 days, a leap year is 366 days, reflected in the penalty computation on Worksheet II, line 11 and line 13.

Worksheet II Regular Method to Figure Your Underpayment and Penalty.

Part I Figure Your Underpayment

	Payment Due Dates
	(a) 4/15/23	(b) 6/15/23	(c) 9/15/23	(d) 1/15/24
1. Required Installments. See instructions
2. Estimated tax paid and tax withheld. See instructions. For column (a) only, also enter the amount from line 2 on line 6. (If line 2 is equal to or more than line 1 for all payment periods, stop here; you do not owe the penalty. Do not file form FTB 5805 unless you answer "Yes" to a question in Part I)
Complete line 3 through line 9 of each column before going to the next column.	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
3. Enter amount, if any, from line 9 of previous column	N/A
4. Add line 2 and line 3	N/A
5. Add amounts on line 7 and line 8 of the previous column	N/A
6. Subtract line 5 from line 4. If zero or less, enter ‐0‐. For column (a) only, enter the amount from line 2
7. If the amount on line 6 is zero, subtract line 4 from line 5. Otherwise, enter ‐0‐	N/A			N/A
8. Underpayment. If line 1 is equal to or more than line 6, subtract line 6 from line 1. Then go to line 3 of next column. Otherwise, go to line 9
9. Overpayment. If line 6 is more than line 1, subtract line 1 from line 6. Then go to line 3 of next column				N/A

Part II Figure the Penalty. Complete line 10 through line 13 of each column before going to the next column.

Rate Period 1: April 15, 2023 – June 30, 2023	(a) 4/15/23	(b) 6/15/23	(c) 9/15/23	(d) 1/15/24
10. Number of days from the date shown above line 10 to the date the amount on line 8 was paid or 6/30/23, whichever is earlier			N/A	N/A
11. Underpayment on line 8 (see instructions) × (Number of days on line 10 ÷ 365) × .05	$	$	N/A	N/A

Rate Period 2: July 1, 2023 – April 15, 2024	(a) 7/1/23	(b) 7/1/23	(c) 9/15/23	(d) 1/15/24
12. Number of days from the date shown above line 12 to the date the amount on line 8 was paid or 4/15/24, whichever is earlier
13. Underpayment on line 8 (see instructions) × (Number of days on line 12 ÷ 366) × .07	$	$	$	$
14. PENALTY. Add amounts on line 11 and line 13 in all columns. Enter the total here, on form FTB 5805, Side 2, Part II, line 13, and on Form 540, line 113; Form 540NR, line 123; or Form 541, line 44, and check the box on that line				$

Franchise Tax Board Privacy Notice on Collection

Our privacy notice can be found in annual tax booklets or online. Go to ftb.ca.gov/privacy to learn about our privacy policy statement, or go to ftb.ca.gov/forms and search for 1131 to locate FTB 1131 EN-SP, Franchise Tax Board Privacy Notice on Collection – Aviso de Privacidad del Franchise Tax Board sobre la Recaudación. To request this notice by mail, call 800-338-0505 and enter form code 948 when instructed.