An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios (2024)

Abstract

We derive an analytic approximation to the credit loss distribution of large portfolios by letting the number of exposures tend to infinity. Defaults and rating migrations for individual exposures are driven by a factor model in order to capture co-movements in changing credit quality. The limiting credit loss distribution obeys the empirical stylized facts of skewness and heavy tails. We show how portfolio features like the degree of systematic risk, credit quality and term to maturity affect the distributional shape of portfolio credit losses. Using empirical data, it appears that the Basle 8% rule corresponds to quantiles with confidence levels exceeding 98%. The limit law's relevance for credit risk management is investigated further by checking its applicability to portfolios with a finite number of exposures. Relatively hom*ogeneous portfolios of 300 exposures can be well approximated by the limit law. A minimum of 800 exposures is required if portfolios are relatively heterogeneous. Realistic loan portfolios often contain thousands of exposures implying that our analytic approach can be a fast and accurate alternative to the standard Monte-Carlo simulation techniques adopted in much of the literature. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1635-1664
Number of pages30
JournalJournal of Banking and Finance
Volume25
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2001

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Lucas, A., Spreij, P. J. C., Straetmans, S. T. M., & Klaassen, P. (2001). An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios. Journal of Banking and Finance, 25(9), 1635-1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00147-3

Lucas, A. ; Spreij, P.J.C. ; Straetmans, S.T.M. et al. / An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios. In: Journal of Banking and Finance. 2001 ; Vol. 25, No. 9. pp. 1635-1664.

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abstract = "We derive an analytic approximation to the credit loss distribution of large portfolios by letting the number of exposures tend to infinity. Defaults and rating migrations for individual exposures are driven by a factor model in order to capture co-movements in changing credit quality. The limiting credit loss distribution obeys the empirical stylized facts of skewness and heavy tails. We show how portfolio features like the degree of systematic risk, credit quality and term to maturity affect the distributional shape of portfolio credit losses. Using empirical data, it appears that the Basle 8% rule corresponds to quantiles with confidence levels exceeding 98%. The limit law's relevance for credit risk management is investigated further by checking its applicability to portfolios with a finite number of exposures. Relatively hom*ogeneous portfolios of 300 exposures can be well approximated by the limit law. A minimum of 800 exposures is required if portfolios are relatively heterogeneous. Realistic loan portfolios often contain thousands of exposures implying that our analytic approach can be a fast and accurate alternative to the standard Monte-Carlo simulation techniques adopted in much of the literature. {\textcopyright} 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.",

author = "A. Lucas and P.J.C. Spreij and S.T.M. Straetmans and P. Klaassen",

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Lucas, A, Spreij, PJC, Straetmans, STM & Klaassen, P 2001, 'An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios', Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1635-1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00147-3

An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios. / Lucas, A.; Spreij, P.J.C.; Straetmans, S.T.M. et al.
In: Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 25, No. 9, 2001, p. 1635-1664.

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademic

TY - JOUR

T1 - An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios

AU - Lucas, A.

AU - Spreij, P.J.C.

AU - Straetmans, S.T.M.

AU - Klaassen, P.

PY - 2001

Y1 - 2001

N2 - We derive an analytic approximation to the credit loss distribution of large portfolios by letting the number of exposures tend to infinity. Defaults and rating migrations for individual exposures are driven by a factor model in order to capture co-movements in changing credit quality. The limiting credit loss distribution obeys the empirical stylized facts of skewness and heavy tails. We show how portfolio features like the degree of systematic risk, credit quality and term to maturity affect the distributional shape of portfolio credit losses. Using empirical data, it appears that the Basle 8% rule corresponds to quantiles with confidence levels exceeding 98%. The limit law's relevance for credit risk management is investigated further by checking its applicability to portfolios with a finite number of exposures. Relatively hom*ogeneous portfolios of 300 exposures can be well approximated by the limit law. A minimum of 800 exposures is required if portfolios are relatively heterogeneous. Realistic loan portfolios often contain thousands of exposures implying that our analytic approach can be a fast and accurate alternative to the standard Monte-Carlo simulation techniques adopted in much of the literature. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.

AB - We derive an analytic approximation to the credit loss distribution of large portfolios by letting the number of exposures tend to infinity. Defaults and rating migrations for individual exposures are driven by a factor model in order to capture co-movements in changing credit quality. The limiting credit loss distribution obeys the empirical stylized facts of skewness and heavy tails. We show how portfolio features like the degree of systematic risk, credit quality and term to maturity affect the distributional shape of portfolio credit losses. Using empirical data, it appears that the Basle 8% rule corresponds to quantiles with confidence levels exceeding 98%. The limit law's relevance for credit risk management is investigated further by checking its applicability to portfolios with a finite number of exposures. Relatively hom*ogeneous portfolios of 300 exposures can be well approximated by the limit law. A minimum of 800 exposures is required if portfolios are relatively heterogeneous. Realistic loan portfolios often contain thousands of exposures implying that our analytic approach can be a fast and accurate alternative to the standard Monte-Carlo simulation techniques adopted in much of the literature. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.

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DO - 10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00147-3

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VL - 25

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JO - Journal of Banking and Finance

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Lucas A, Spreij PJC, Straetmans STM, Klaassen P. An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios. Journal of Banking and Finance. 2001;25(9):1635-1664. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00147-3

I'm an expert in the field of credit risk management and financial analytics. My depth of knowledge extends to advanced concepts and methodologies used in assessing credit risk for large corporate bond and loan portfolios. To demonstrate my expertise, let's delve into the key concepts mentioned in the provided article.

The article discusses an analytical approach to modeling the credit risk of large portfolios, particularly in the context of corporate bonds and loans. Here are the main concepts highlighted in the abstract:

  1. Analytic Approximation to Credit Loss Distribution:

    • The authors propose an analytic approximation to model the credit loss distribution of large portfolios.
    • This approach involves letting the number of exposures tend to infinity.
  2. Factor Model for Defaults and Rating Migrations:

    • Individual exposures in the portfolio experience defaults and rating migrations.
    • These events are driven by a factor model designed to capture co-movements in changing credit quality.
  3. Limiting Credit Loss Distribution:

    • The derived credit loss distribution adheres to empirical stylized facts of skewness and heavy tails.
  4. Impact of Portfolio Features:

    • The article explores how portfolio features such as systematic risk, credit quality, and term to maturity influence the distributional shape of portfolio credit losses.
  5. Basle 8% Rule and Confidence Levels:

    • Empirical data suggests that the Basle 8% rule corresponds to quantiles with confidence levels exceeding 98%.
  6. Relevance to Credit Risk Management:

    • The authors investigate the relevance of the limit law for credit risk management.
    • Applicability to portfolios with a finite number of exposures is explored.
  7. Portfolio Size and hom*ogeneity:

    • Relatively hom*ogeneous portfolios of 300 exposures can be well approximated by the limit law.
    • A minimum of 800 exposures is required for relatively heterogeneous portfolios.
  8. Alternative to Monte-Carlo Simulation:

    • The article suggests that the proposed analytic approach can be a fast and accurate alternative to the standard Monte-Carlo simulation techniques widely used in the literature.

The provided citation details the authors (A. Lucas, P.J.C. Spreij, S.T.M. Straetmans, and P. Klaassen) and the publication information for the article in the Journal of Banking and Finance in 2001.

If you have specific questions or if there's a particular aspect you'd like more information on, feel free to ask.

An analytical approach to credit risk of large corporate bond and loan portfolios (2024)

FAQs

What are the approaches to measuring credit risk? ›

Typically, credit risk is calculated based on the five C's criteria:
  • Character – the credit history of the applicant.
  • Capacity – how much debt-to-income the applicant would have if the loan were issued.
  • Capital – the overall amount of money the applicant has or has access to.

How do you analyze a company's credit risk? ›

The analysis starts with an industry assessment—structure and fundamentals—and continues with an analysis of an issuer's competitive position, management strategy, and track record. Credit measures are used to calculate an issuer's creditworthiness, as well as to compare its credit quality with peer companies.

Why is credit risk analysis an important component of financial institution risk management? ›

Credit risk analysis is vital to a financial institution since it helps financial institution managers determine several factors of a loan. These factors include interest rates, collateral, and maturity.

What is the credit risk in the loan portfolio? ›

This chapter specifically focuses on credit risk associated with the loan portfolio of a bank. Credit risk is the risk of losses due to borrowers' default or deterioration of credit standing. Default is the event that borrowers fail to comply with their debt obligations.

What are the two methods or approaches of risk analysis? ›

There are two main risk analysis methods. The easier and more convenient method is qualitative risk analysis. Qualitative risk analysis rates or scores risk based on the perception of the severity and likelihood of its consequences. Quantitative risk analysis, on the other hand, calculates risk based on available data.

What are the 3 types of credit risk? ›

Lenders must consider several key types of credit risk during loan origination:
  • Fraud risk.
  • Default risk.
  • Credit spread risk.
  • Concentration risk.
Oct 17, 2023

What are the 5 Cs of credit risk analysis? ›

Lenders also use these five Cs—character, capacity, capital, collateral, and conditions—to set your loan rates and loan terms.

What are the 4 key components of credit analysis? ›

Concept 86: Four Cs (Capacity, Collateral, Covenants, and Character) of Traditional Credit Analysis. The components of traditional credit analysis are known as the 4 Cs: Capacity: The ability of the borrower to make interest and principal payments on time.

What are the steps in the credit analysis process? ›

Credit analysis involves detailed financial analysis techniques, such as ratio analysis, trend analysis, financial projections as well as a detailed cash flow analysis.
  • What is the process of credit analysis? ...
  • Information collection process. ...
  • Analysing accuracy of the information. ...
  • Decision-making process.
Jun 1, 2023

What does a credit risk analyst do? ›

Credit Risk Analysts analyze credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare reports with credit information for use in decisionmaking.

What are the key risk indicators of credit risk? ›

Credit Risk Indicators: Potential KRIs include high loan default rates, low credit quality, the percentage of high-risk loans in the portfolio, or high loan concentrations in specific sectors.

What are the benefits of credit risk analysis? ›

Credit risk analysis in companies provides several benefits. Firstly, it allows for an accurate estimation of credit risk, which can lead to a more efficient use of economic capital. Secondly, it helps in managing credit risk, which is crucial for a company's solvency.

How do you calculate credit risk in a portfolio? ›

The measurement of the credit risk of lending portfolios usually entails the same basic procedure as the measurement of market risk, i.e. the Value at Risk (VaR) framework is used in a model that calculates the maximum potential loss or expected loss of the portfolio.

What is credit portfolio analysis? ›

Credit portfolio analysis is the process of evaluating a company's creditworthiness by analyzing its credit history and financial position. The goal of credit portfolio analysis is to identify potential risks and opportunities associated with a company's debt, equity, and hybrid debt positions.

What is a credit portfolio analyst? ›

A Credit Analyst, or Credit Risk Analyst is responsible for analysing the creditworthiness of customers and potential debtors. Their duties include gathering and reviewing the financial data of loan applicants, assessing an applicant's ability to repay a loan and recommending loans to be approved or denied.

What are the 5 C's of credit risk analysis? ›

Lenders also use these five Cs—character, capacity, capital, collateral, and conditions—to set your loan rates and loan terms.

What are the four approaches to risk management? ›

There are four common ways to treat risks: risk avoidance, risk mitigation, risk acceptance, and risk transference, which we'll cover a bit later. Responding to risks can be an ongoing project involving designing and implementing new control processes, or they can require immediate action, War Room style.

What is the basic indicator approach for credit risk? ›

The Basic Indicator Approach is an approach to calculate operational risk capital under the Basel II Accord, and uses the bank's total gross income as a risk indicator for the bank's operational risk exposure and sets the required level of operational risk capital as 15% of the bank's annual positive gross income ...

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